Shootingboards
If you search for bumpers on the internet, you will find that it used to be called "Bestötlåda" and like many words in wood it comes from Germany (ty. bestosslade, bestossen) The bumper has also been called "Finishing table".
It is used together with a plane, often a jointer, to plane end grain at right angles. But also in other angles, 45,60 etc. However, if you search for the English name "shootingboard" you will get many hits!